What is the main focus of epidemiology?

The main focus of epidemiology is the understanding of how diseases affect populations. Epidemiologists investigate the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations. They study patterns of disease occurrence, their relationships to various factors, and ways to control or prevent health issues. This field is crucial in identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare, thus contributing significantly to public health efforts.

Epidemiology plays a key role in disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and the assessment of the effectiveness of health interventions. Through its focus on populations rather than individuals, epidemiology informs public health policy and practice, aiding in the development of strategies to improve health outcomes at the community and societal levels. This makes it distinct from the other areas mentioned, which do not primarily center on the understanding of disease occurrence and its implications for communities.